Bone Density Scan

What is a bone density scan?

Bone scans measure the amount of bone in a particular site of the body, usually the lower part of the spine, the hip, the forearm or the heel. The amount of bone measured by a scanner is often called the 'bone density'; the lower the density the higher the risk of fracture. The scans are used to help doctors assess the likelihood of bone fractures occurring in the future, and to decide whether treatment is necessary.

What happens during a scan?

A scanning machine uses narrow beams of X-rays but some use ultrasound instead. It is important to note that the X-ray dose is very small, and significantly less than is required for a chest X-ray. You simply need to lie or sit for a few minutes while the scan is performed. This is a noninvasive and a pain free procedure.

How often should scans be done?

In most cases one scan is all that is required to assess bone density and future risk of fractures. Sometimes a second scan may be needed after two or three years if a new decision is needed about treatment.

Does low bone density mean I have osteoporosis?

There are several conditions which can cause low bone density levels and may also cause fractures including:

• Vitamin D deficiency (osteomalacia)
• Over-activity of some glands
• Some disorders of the intestine
• Brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta), an inherited condition that mainly causes fractures in childhood

It is important to rule out these problems as they require different treatment to osteoporosis.

Factors which increase risk of osteoporosis

• Family history
• Insulin resistance
• Polycystic ovaries
• Irregular periods
• Early menopause
• Sedentary lifestyle

Who should have a bone density scan?

Those who are concerned about risk of osteoporosis and/or are affected by one or more of the above risk factors.

Scans are performed in conjunction with the Guildford Nuffield Hospital, and include a consultant written report with recommendations.